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An assessment of rural banking service delivery models in agricultural finance: a case study of Guaranty Trust Bank

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Background of the Study
Rural banking service delivery models are critical to enhancing agricultural finance and promoting financial inclusion in remote areas. Guaranty Trust Bank (GTBank) has increasingly focused on developing innovative service delivery models tailored to the unique needs of rural agricultural communities. Between 2023 and 2025, GTBank has adopted a multifaceted approach that includes branchless banking, agent networks, and digital platforms designed to extend financial services to underserved regions (Ibrahim, 2023; Nwachukwu, 2024).

The adoption of diverse service delivery models has become essential due to the inherent challenges of operating in rural areas, such as poor infrastructural connectivity and high operational costs associated with traditional brick-and-mortar branches. GTBank’s innovative models aim to overcome these obstacles by leveraging technology and local partnerships to ensure that agricultural stakeholders receive timely and efficient financial support (Chukwu, 2023). Such models not only facilitate access to credit but also improve other banking services, including savings, remittances, and insurance products, which are vital for mitigating the risks associated with agricultural activities (Okoro, 2025).

Despite the promise of these service delivery innovations, questions remain regarding their effectiveness and sustainability. Early indicators suggest that while branchless and agent banking have improved accessibility, there are challenges related to service quality, customer trust, and the adequacy of support infrastructure in remote locations. These issues underscore the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the service delivery models implemented by GTBank. This study will assess how these models influence the efficiency of agricultural finance, focusing on factors such as service reach, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction. By integrating both quantitative performance metrics and qualitative insights from rural users, the research aims to identify best practices and potential areas for improvement in GTBank’s approach to rural banking (Adeleke, 2024).

Statement of the Problem :
Although GTBank’s innovative service delivery models have expanded financial access in rural agricultural communities, significant challenges persist in ensuring consistent and high-quality service. The decentralization of banking services through branchless and agent networks, while beneficial in extending reach, often results in variability in service quality. Inadequate training for agents, insufficient technical support, and infrastructural challenges have contributed to customer dissatisfaction and inefficiencies in service delivery (Eze, 2023). Moreover, the sustainability of these models remains questionable as ongoing operational costs and the need for continuous technological upgrades pose significant challenges.

Furthermore, the diverse needs of rural agricultural stakeholders are not fully met by a one-size-fits-all model. Certain segments of the rural population may experience difficulties in accessing digital or agent-based services due to literacy levels or geographical isolation, thereby limiting the overall impact of the bank’s initiatives. This inconsistency in service delivery undermines efforts to enhance agricultural finance and improve rural economic outcomes (Nwankwo, 2024). Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the extent to which GTBank’s service delivery models meet the needs of rural agricultural clients, identify the challenges that limit their effectiveness, and propose strategies to enhance the quality and sustainability of these services (Obi, 2025).

Objectives of the Study:

  1. To evaluate the effectiveness of GTBank’s rural banking service delivery models in providing agricultural finance.
  2. To identify challenges related to service quality and operational efficiency within these models.
  3. To recommend strategies for optimizing service delivery to better meet the needs of rural agricultural clients.

Research Questions:

  1. How effective are GTBank’s service delivery models in enhancing access to agricultural finance in rural areas?
  2. What challenges impact the consistency and quality of service delivery in these models?
  3. What improvements can be made to optimize these models for rural agricultural communities?

Research Hypotheses:

  1. H1: Innovative service delivery models significantly improve access to agricultural finance in rural areas.
  2. H2: Inadequate agent training and technical support negatively affect service quality.
  3. H3: Tailored modifications to service delivery models can enhance overall customer satisfaction.

Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study focuses on GTBank’s service delivery models in rural areas between 2023 and 2025, with an emphasis on agricultural finance. Limitations include potential data variability across regions and the challenge of quantifying customer satisfaction.

Definitions of Terms:

  • Service Delivery Model: The framework through which banking services are provided to customers.
  • Branchless Banking: Financial services delivered without a traditional bank branch, often via agents or digital platforms.
  • Agricultural Finance: Financial products and services designed to support the agricultural sector.




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